Figure 1: Amsterdam Smart City Schemes Infogram – amsterdamsmartcity.com 2017
From the example of the collaborative approaches found in the Buiksloterham and Amsterdam Noord, we see a successful balancing of collaboration and economic viability whilst maintaining projects within environmental regulations. Yet, the region’s circular initiatives also represent a key component to Amsterdam’s wider Smart City initiative:
Cities are defined as ‘smart’ when investments in traditional and modern communications are used to facilitate sustainable economic development and quality of life; by means of managing natural resources and participatory action
Caragliu et. al, 2009
And the city never stops breathing. 